Bulcsú (chieftain)
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Bulcsú (or Vérbulcsú, Greek: Boulosoudes; died 10 August 955) was a Hungarian chieftain, one of the military leaders of prince Taksony of Hungary, a descendant of Árpád. He held the title of horka. He was one of the most important figures of the Hungarian invasions of Europe. During these military campaigns, the Magyars threatened much of Western Europe; therefore a common saying at that time was "A sagittis Hungarorum, libera nos Domine" (Lord, save us from the arrows of the Hungarians") Modena, 925 AD [citation needed].
In 948, Bulcsú visited the court of Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII, where he was received with a great pomp. Bulcsú adopted Christianity, the emperor became his godfather. He was a "guest friend of the Byzantine emperor" and was awarded the title of "Roman patrician".[1][2][3]
After his army had lost the disastrous Battle of Lechfeld in 955, he was caught by the German victors and executed.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ Herényi, István (2008). Bulcsu horka (in Hungarian). Vol. A Magyar Nyugat Történeti Kiskönyvtára 8. Magyar Nyugat Könyvkiadó. ISBN 9789638761255.
- ^ Hóman Bálint, Bálint (1928). "Nyugati és balkáni hadjáratok" [Western and Balkan Campaigns]. Magyar történet - Őstörténet • Törzsszervezet • Keresztény királyság [Hungarian History - Prehistory • Tribal Organization • Christian Kingdom] (in Hungarian). Budapest: Királyi Magyar Egyetemi Nyomda.
- ^ Padányi, Viktor. Vérbulcsú.
- ^ Csorba, Csaba. Árpád népe, Tudomány – Egyetem, Kulturtrade Kiadó. Budapest, 1997. ISBN 963 9069 20 5
Sources
[edit]Primary sources
[edit]- Constantine Porphyrogenitus: De Administrando Imperio (Greek text edited by Gyula Moravcsik, English translation by Romillyi J. H. Jenkins) (1967). Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies. ISBN 0-88402-021-5.
- Simon of Kéza: The Deeds of the Hungarians (Edited and translated by László Veszprémy and Frank Schaer with a study by Jenő Szűcs) (1999). CEU Press. ISBN 963-9116-31-9.
- Bak, János M.; Veszprémy, László; Kersken, Norbert (2018). Chronica de gestis Hungarorum e codice picto saec. XIV [The Illuminated Chronicle: Chronicle of the deeds of the Hungarians from the fourteenth-century illuminated codex]. Budapest: Central European University Press. ISBN 978-9-6338-6264-3.
Secondary sources
[edit]- Bácsatyai, Dániel (2017). A kalandozó hadjáratok nyugati kútfői [A Critical Inquiry into the Latin Sources of the 10th-Century Hungarian Incursions] (in Hungarian). HM Hadtörténeti Intézet és Múzeum. ISBN 978-963-7097-83-6.
- Bácsatyai, Dániel (2024). Bulcsú (in Hungarian). Corvina. ISBN 978-963-13-7016-4.
- Bollók, Ádám; B. Szabó, János (2022). A császár és Árpád népe [The Emperor and the People of Árpád] (in Hungarian). BTK Magyar Őstörténeti Kutatócsoport, Források és tanulmányok 8., ELKH Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont. ISBN 978-963-416-304-6.
- Herényi, István (2008). Bulcsú horka és más tanulmányok [Horka Bulcsú and Other Publications] (in Hungarian). Vol. A Magyar Nyugat Történeti Kiskönyvtára 8. Magyar Nyugat Könyvkiadó. ISBN 978-963-8761-25-5.
- Kordé, Zoltán (1994). "Bulcsú". In Kristó, Gyula; Engel, Pál; Makk, Ferenc (eds.). Korai magyar történeti lexikon (9-14. század) [Encyclopedia of the Early Hungarian History (9th-14th centuries)] (in Hungarian). Akadémiai Kiadó. pp. 132–133. ISBN 963-05-6722-9.
- Róna-Tas, András (1999). Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages: An Introduction to Early Hungarian History (Translated by Nicholas Bodoczky). CEU Press. ISBN 978-963-9116-48-1.
- Szabados, György (2011). Magyar államalapítások a IX-X. században [Foundations of the Hungarian States in the 9th–10th Centuries] (in Hungarian). Szegedi Középkorász Műhely. ISBN 978-963-08-2083-7.
- Szabó, Pál (2012). "Karó vagy bitófa? A bizánci források jogi szóhasználatáról Bulcsú kivégzése kapcsán [Pale or Gallows? On the Legal Terms of Byzantine Sources in Connection with the Execution of Bulcsú]". In Kiss P., Attila; Piti, Ferenc; Szabados, György (eds.). Középkortörténeti tanulmányok 7 (in Hungarian). University of Szeged. pp. 545–566. ISBN 978-963-306-160-2.
- Tóth, Sándor László (2015). A magyar törzsszövetség politikai életrajza [A Political Biography of the Hungarian Tribal Federation] (in Hungarian). Belvedere Meridionale. ISBN 978-615-5372-39-1.
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